Of God and His Creatures
That it is not impossible for the Potential and the Active
Intellect to be united in the one Substance of the Soul
SOME one perhaps may think it impossible for one and the same
substance, that of our soul, to be in potentiality to receive all
intellectual impressions (which is the function of the potential
intellect), and to actualise those impressions (which is the function
of the active intellect); since nothing acts as it is in potentiality
to receive, but only as it is in actual readiness to act. But, looking
at the matter rightly, no inconvenience or difficulty will be found in
this view of the union of the active and potential intellect in the one
substance of the soul. For a thing may well be in potentiality in one
respect and in actuality in another; and this we find to be the
condition of the intellectual soul in its relation to phantasms, or
impressions in phantasy. For the intellectual soul has something in
actuality, to which the phantasm is in potentiality;* For the substance of the human soul has the
attribute of immateriality: but it is not thereby assimilated to this
or that definite thing; and yet such assimilation is requisite for our
soul to know this or that thing definitely, since all cognition takes
place by some likeness of the object known being stamped on the knowing
mind.Metaph. I, Appendix): hence the little intellectual light that
is connatural to us is sufficient for us to understand with. But that
the intellectual light connatural to our soul is sufficient to produce
the action of the active intellect, will be clear to any one who
considers the necessity for positing such an intellect. Our soul is
found to be in potentiality to intelligible objects as sense to
sensible objects: for as we are not always having sensations, so we are
not always understanding.* But if this
Platonic position were true, the absolutely better objects of
intelligence should be better also relatively to us, and be better
understood by us, which is manifestly not the case: for things are more
intelligible to us which are nigher to sense, though in themselves they
are less excellent objects of understanding. Hence Aristotle was moved
to lay down the doctrine, that the things which are intelligible to us
are not any self-existent objects of understanding, but are gathered
from objects of sense. Hence he had to posit some faculty to do this
work of making terms of understanding: that faculty is the active
intellect. The active intellect therefore is posited to make terms of
understanding proportionate to our capacity. Such work does not
transcend the measure of intellectual light connatural to us. Hence
there is no difficulty in attributing the action of the active
intellect to the native light of our soul, especially as Aristotle
compares the active intellect to light (De anima, III, v, 2).
2.76 : That the Active Intellect is not a separately Subsisting Intelligence, but a Faculty of the Soul
2.78 : That it was not the Opinion of Aristotle that the Active Intellect is a separately Subsistent Intelligence, but rather that it is a Part of the Soul